A patient with which of the following disorders is at high risk for developing hyperphosphatemia? A. Hyperkalemia B. Hyponatremia C. Hypocalcemia D. Hyperglycemia Correct Answer: C. Hypocalcemia Because calcium and phosphorus ratios are inversely proportional, when phosphorus levels are high, calcium levels are low. Phosphate binds calcium… Read More »
The interstitial space holds approximately how many liters? A. 3 L B. 6 L C. 9 L D. 12 L Correct Answer: C. 9 L The interstitial space holds 9 L. The extracellular fluid comprises approximately 20% of total body weight and further sub categorized as plasma… Read More »
Mary Jean, a first year nursing student, was rushed to the clinic department due to hyperventilation. Which nursing intervention is the most appropriate for the client who is subsequently developing respiratory alkalosis? A. Administering sodium chloride I.V. B. Encouraging slow, deep breaths. C. Preparing to administer sodium bicarbonate. D. Administer low-flow… Read More »
Which of the following findings would the nurse expect to assess in a patient with hypokalemia? A. Hypertension B. pH below 7.35 C. Hypoglycemia D. Hyporeflexia Correct Answer: D. Hyporeflexia Hyporeflexia is a symptom of hypokalemia. Significant muscle weakness occurs at serum potassium levels below 2.5 mmol/L… Read More »
Normal calcium levels must be analyzed in relation to: A. Sodium B. Glucose C. Protein D. Fats Correct Answer: C. Protein Some calcium is bound to protein, so abnormal calcium levels are analyzed in relation to proteins. The ability of the protein to bind calcium acts as… Read More »
Sodium balance is important for which of the following functions? A. Transmitting impulses in nerve and muscle fibers via the calcium-potassium pump. B. Exchanging for magnesium and attracting chloride. C. Combining hydrogen and chloride for acid-base balance. D. Exchanging for potassium and attracting chloride. Correct Answer: D.… Read More »
Vien is receiving oral potassium supplements for his condition. How should the supplements be administered? A. Undiluted B. Diluted C. On an empty stomach D. At bedtime Correct Answer: B. Diluted Oral potassium supplements are known to irritate gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa and should be diluted. Mild to… Read More »
Calcium is absorbed in the GI tract under the influence of: A. Vitamin D B. Glucose C. HCl D. Vitamin C Correct Answer: A. Vitamin D Calcium is absorbed in the GI tract under the influence of vitamin D in its biologically active form. Vitamin D also… Read More »
In renal regulation of water balance, the functions of angiotensin II include: A. Blood clotting within the nephron. B. Increasing progesterone secretion into the renal tubules. C. Catalyzing calcium-rich nutrients. D. Selectively constricting portions of the arteriole in the nephron. Correct Answer: D. Selectively constricting portions of… Read More »
Marie Joy’s lab test revealed that her serum calcium is 2.5 mEq/L. Which assessment data does the nurse document when a client diagnosed with hypocalcemia develops a carpopedal spasm after the blood-pressure cuff is inflated? A. Positive Trousseau’s sign B. Positive Chvostek’s sign C. Tetany D. Paresthesia … Read More »