When assessing a patient for electrolyte balance, the nurse is aware that etiologies for hyponatremia include: A. Water gain B. Diuretic therapy C. Diaphoresis D. All of the following Correct Answer: D. All of the following Water gain, diuretic therapy, and diaphoresis are etiologies of hyponatremia. The… Read More »
When chloride concentration drops below 95 mEq/L, reabsorption of which of the following electrolytes increases proportionally? A. Hydrogen B. Potassium C. Sodium D. Bicarbonate Correct Answer: D. Bicarbonate When chloride concentrations drop below 95 mEq/L, bicarbonate reabsorption increases proportionally, causing metabolic alkalosis. Other choices are cations, chloride… Read More »
Which of the following clinical conditions exacerbates electrolyte excretion? A. Nasogastric feedings B. Use of surgical drains C. Immobility from fractures D. Chronic water drinking Correct Answer: B. Use of surgical drains Surgical drains will cause fluid loss, and electrolytes are eliminated along with the fluid. The… Read More »
Mr. Salcedo has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH of 7.34, partial pressure of arterial oxygen of 80 mm Hg, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide of 49 mm Hg, and a bicarbonate level of 24 mEq/L. Based on these results, which intervention should the nurse implement? A. Instructing the client to… Read More »
Nursing interventions for a patient with hyponatremia include: A. Administering hypotonic IV fluids. B. Encouraging water intake. C. Restricting fluid intake. D. Restricting sodium intake. Correct Answer: C. Restricting fluid intake Hyponatremia involves a decreased concentration of sodium in relation to fluid volume, so restricting fluid intake… Read More »
Jonas is admitted with 1,000 ml of diarrhea per day for the last 3 days. An IV of 0.45% NaCl mixed with 5% dextrose is infusing. Which of the following nursing interventions is the most appropriate? A. Get an infusion controller from the central supply. B. Mix all antibiotics in 0.45% NaCl with… Read More »
A diet containing the minimum daily sodium requirement for an adult would be: A. A no-salt diet B. A diet including 2 gm sodium C. A diet including 4 gm sodium D. A 1500 calorie weight-loss diet Correct Answer: B. A diet including 2 gm sodium The… Read More »
Tom is ready to be discharged from the medical-surgical unit after 5 days of hospitalization. Which client statement indicates to the nurse that Tom understands the discharge teaching about cellular injury? A. “I do not have to see my doctor unless I have problems.” B. “I can stop taking my antibiotics once I… Read More »
In the extracellular fluid, chloride is a major: A. Compound B. Ion C. Anion D. Cation Correct Answer: C. Anion Chloride is a major anion found in the extracellular fluid. Chloride is an inorganic anionic halogen with an atomic weight of 35.5. It is distributed exclusively within… Read More »
Orly Khan is suffering from fluid volume deficit (FVD), which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to assess in the patient? A. Rales B. Bounding pulse C. Tachycardia D. Bulging neck veins Correct Answer: C. Tachycardia Tachycardia, poor tissue turgor, and hypotension are symptoms of… Read More »