A clinical instructor asks a nursing student about an aldosterone antagonist. The student is correct by saying that aldosterone antagonists: A. Create an osmotic gradient. B. Inhibit the exchange of sodium for potassium. C. Cause metabolic acidosis. D. Work poorly in the presence of endogenous aldosterone. Correct… Read More »
Which of the following is a potential side effect of IV furosemide (Lasix)? A. Drowsiness B. Diarrhea C. Cystitis D. Hearing loss Correct Answer: D. Hearing loss Patients receiving large doses of loop diuretics are at risk for developing ototoxicity. Ototoxicity can occur with any of the… Read More »
A 68-year-old client with a history of mild CHF and glaucoma is receiving IV mannitol (Osmitrol) to decrease intraocular pressure. The nurse would monitor the client for signs and symptoms of: A. Fluid volume excess. B. Fluid volume deficit. C. Hyperkalemia. D. Hypernatremia. Correct Answer: A. Fluid… Read More »
All potassium-sparing diuretics: A. Are required supplements during blood transfusion. B. Enhance aldosterone action. C. Cause hypokalemia. D. Are weak diuretics. Correct Answer: D. Are weak diuretics. Potassium-sparing diuretics are not potent diuretics when used alone. They are used as adjunctive therapy with other diuretics to minimize… Read More »
The therapeutic drug level for digoxin is: A. 0.1-2.0 ng/mg B. 1.0-2.0 ng/mg C. 0.1-0.5 ng/mg D. 0.5-2.0 ng/mg Correct Answer: D. 0.5-2.0 ng/mg This is the correct therapeutic range for digoxin. Every nurse should know this information. The rate of toxicity increases as serum digoxin concentration… Read More »
Which of the following clients is most likely to experience adverse effects from treatment with diuretics? A. A 21-year-old student B. A 40-year-old unmarried man C. A 60-year-old widower D. A 75-year-old man Correct Answer: D. A 75-year-old man Elderly clients are more sensitive to the effects of diuretics.… Read More »
Kylie is reviewing drugs related to cardiovascular therapies. She should be aware that the desired action of lipid-lowering agents is to: A. Decrease high-density lipoprotein (HDL). B. Increase total cholesterol (TC). C. Increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL). D. Increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Correct Answer: D. Increase high-density lipoprotein… Read More »
For lipid-lowering agents to be successful, drug therapy must lower: A. HDL B. LDL C. Total fat D. All of the above Correct Answer: B. LDL An elevated LDL is the most significant risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis; therefore, for drug therapy to be effective,… Read More »
As a competent nurse, you know that the most significant contraindication for therapy with lipid-lowering agent is: A. Renal disease. B. Diabetes. C. Liver disease. D. Cardiac disease. Correct Answer: C. Liver disease. All lipid-lowering agents except the bile acid sequestrants are potentially hepatotoxic, so the most… Read More »
Which of the following vitamins may not be absorbed properly when giving bile acid sequestrants? A. Vitamin B B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin B12 D. Vitamin K Correct Answer: D. Vitamin K Vitamin K absorption may be reduced when giving these drugs. The only fat-soluble vitamin here… Read More »