Chloride helps maintain acid-base balance by performing which of the following roles? A. Participating in the chloride shift. B. Following sodium to maintain serum osmolarity. C. Maintaining the balance of cations in the ICF and ECF. D. Separating carbonic acid. Correct Answer: A. Participating in the chloride… Read More »
The danger of fluid sequestered in the third space is that the fluid: A. Is hypertonic and can cause hypervolemia. B. Is hypotonic and can cause water intoxication. C. Is not available for circulation. D. Contains large amounts of acids. Correct Answer: C. Is not available for… Read More »
Jon has a potassium level of 6.5 mEq/L, which medication would nurse Wilma anticipate? A. Potassium supplements B. Kayexalate C. Calcium gluconate D. Sodium tablets Correct Answer: B. Kayexalate The client’s potassium level is elevated; therefore, Kayexalate would be ordered to help reduce the potassium level. Kayexalate… Read More »
A rise in arterial pressure causes the baroreceptors and stretch receptors to signal an inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in: A. Decreased sodium reabsorption B. Increased sodium reabsorption C. Decreased urine output D. Increased urine output Correct Answer: D. Increased urine output Arterial baroreceptors and… Read More »
Which of the following hormones helps regulate chloride reabsorption? A. Antidiuretic hormone B. Renin C. Estrogen D. Aldosterone Correct Answer: D. Aldosterone Chloride reabsorption depends on sodium reabsorption, which is regulated by aldosterone in the distal tubule and collecting ducts. It affects blood pressure by regulating the… Read More »
The extracellular fluid space holds water, electrolytes, proteins and: A. Red blood cells B. Potassium C. Lipids D. Nucleic acids Correct Answer: A. Red blood cells The extracellular space contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in addition to water, electrolytes, and proteins. Extracellular fluid… Read More »
Which clinical manifestation would lead the nurse to suspect that a client is experiencing hypermagnesemia? A. Muscle pain and acute rhabdomyolysis B. Hot flushed skin and diaphoresis C. Soft-tissue calcification and hyperreflexia D. Increased respiratory rate and depth Correct Answer: B. Hot, flushed skin and diaphoresis Hypermagnesemia… Read More »
Normal serum sodium concentration ranges from: A. 120 to 125 mEq/L B. 125 to 130 mEq/L C. 136 to 145 mEq/L D. 140 to 148 mEq/L Correct Answer: C. 136 to 145 mEq/L Normal serum sodium level ranges from 136 to 145 mEq/L. Sodium, which is an… Read More »
Chloride is absorbed in the: A. Stomach B. Bowel C. Liver D. Kidney Correct Answer: B. Bowel Chloride is absorbed in the bowel, mainly the duodenum and jejunum. Sodium chloride is absorbed from the intestinal lumen by several mechanisms, most prominently by cotransport with glucose and amino… Read More »
Magnesium performs all of the following functions except: A. Contributing to vasoconstriction. B. Assisting in cardiac muscle contraction. C. Facilitating sodium transport. D. Assisting in protein metabolism. Correct Answer: A. Contributing to vasoconstriction. Magnesium contributes to vasodilation, not vasoconstriction. Magnesium plays a vital role in over 300… Read More »