A client is diagnosed with prostate cancer. Which test is used to monitor the progression of this disease? A. Serum creatinine B. Complete blood cell count (CBC) C. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) D. Serum potassium Correct Answer: C. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) The PSA test is used to monitor… Read More »
A client is diagnosed with chronic renal failure and told she must start hemodialysis. Client teaching would include which of the following instructions? A. Follow a high potassium diet. B. Strictly follow the hemodialysis schedule. C. There will be a few changes in your lifestyle. D. Use alcohol on the skin… Read More »
Which drug is indicated for pain related to acute renal calculi? A. Narcotic analgesics B. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) C. Muscle relaxants D. Salicylates Correct Answer: A. Narcotic analgesics Narcotic analgesics are usually needed to relieve the severe pain of renal calculi. Narcotic analgesics act at the… Read More »
A 27-year old client, who became paraplegic after a swimming accident, is experiencing autonomic dysreflexia. Which condition is the most common cause of autonomic dysreflexia? A. Upper respiratory infection B. Incontinence C. Bladder distention D. Diarrhea Correct Answer: C. Bladder distention Autonomic dysreflexia is a potentially life-threatening… Read More »
A client is undergoing peritoneal dialysis. The dialysate dwell time is completed, and the dwell clamp is opened to allow the dialysate to drain. The nurse notes that the drainage has stopped and only 500 ml has drained; the amount the dialysate instilled was 1,500 ml. Which of the following interventions would be done first?… Read More »
Which of the following causes the majority of UTI’s in hospitalized patients? A. Lack of fluid intake B. Inadequate perineal care C. Invasive procedures D. Immunosuppression Correct Answer: C. Invasive procedures Invasive procedures such as catheterization can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract. A lack of fluid… Read More »
When providing discharge teaching for a client with uric acid calculi, the nurse should make an instruction to avoid which type of diet? A. Low-calcium B. Low-oxalate C. High-oxalate D. High-purine Correct Answer: D. High-purine To control uric acid calculi, the client should follow a low-purine diet,… Read More »
A client receiving hemodialysis treatment arrives at the hospital with a blood pressure of 200/100, a heart rate of 110, and a respiratory rate of 36. Oxygen saturation in room air is 89%. He complains of shortness of breath, and +2 pedal edema is noted. His last hemodialysis treatment was yesterday. Which of the following… Read More »
Clinical manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis include which of the following? A. Chills and flank pain B. Oliguria and generalized edema C. Hematuria and proteinuria D. Dysuria and hypotension Correct Answer: C. Hematuria and proteinuria Hematuria and proteinuria indicate acute glomerulonephritis. These findings result from increased permeability of… Read More »
The client with urolithiasis has a history of chronic urinary tract infections. The nurse concludes that this client most likely has which of the following types of urinary stones? A. Calcium oxalate B. Uric acid C. Struvite D. Cystine Correct Answer: C. Struvite Struvite stones commonly are… Read More »