Mira is managing her hypertension with an ACE inhibitor. Which of the following statements stated by her indicates a need for further instruction?         A. “I should not take my pills with food.”      B. “I need to increase my intake of orange juice, bananas, and green vegetables.”      C. “I will avoid coffee, tea,… Read More »

Pepito is a hypertensive client who has been placed on captopril (Capoten). He states, “Dr. del Mundo keeps changing my pills and none are working. I feel like a guinea pig.” Which of the following responses by the nurse would be most appropriate?         A. “It often takes a while before the right medication is found.”   … Read More »

Which is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take before administering digoxin?         A. Monitor potassium level.      B. Assess blood pressure.      C. Evaluate urinary output.      D. Avoid giving with thiazide diuretic.           Correct Answer: A. Monitor potassium level. Monitoring potassium is especially important because hypokalemia potentiates digoxin toxicity. Digoxin… Read More »

The action of an ACE inhibitor interrupts the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism, thereby producing which of the following?         A. Reduced renal blood flow.      B. Reduced sodium and water excretion.      C. Increased peripheral vascular resistance.      D. Increased sodium excretion and potassium reabsorption.           Correct Answer: D. Increased sodium excretion and potassium… Read More »

Raymund is reviewing cardiovascular drugs for his upcoming exam. For a well-prepared student, he should know that vasodilators are agents that:         A. Relax smooth muscles.      B. Are used to treat hypotension.      C. Stimulate the adrenergic receptors of peripheral sympathetic nerves.      D. Cause respiratory depression.           Correct Answer: A.… Read More »

As a competent nurse, you are aware that vasodilators are used mainly to treat:         A. Diabetes      B. Hypertension      C. Atrial fibrillation      D. Hypotension           Correct Answer: B. Hypertension Vasodilators are used to treat hypertension. Vasodilators are useful in treating a variety of medical conditions, most commonly systemic hypertension.… Read More »

The drug/drugs used most commonly to treat peripheral or cerebral vascular obstructive disease is/are:         A. pentoxifylline (Trental)      B. cyclandelate (Cyclan)      C. isoxsuprine (Vasodilan)      D. All of the above           Correct Answer: D. All of the above All are vasodilators used primarily to treat peripheral or cerebral vascular obstructive disease. There… Read More »

In a 50-year-old widower who had a transient ischemic attack, what is the most common vasodilator used for his treatment?         A. norepinephrine      B. dopamine (Intropin)      C. papaverine (Pavabid)      D. nitroprusside (Nitropress)           Correct Answer: D. nitroprusside (Nitropress) Nitroprusside (Nitropress) is used in this situation. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a potent… Read More »

For a client taking drugs to treat peripheral vascular disease, it is important to provide health education about:         A. Smoking cessation.      B. Developing a proper balance between rest and activity.      C. Proper foot care.      D. All of the above.           Correct Answer: D. All of the above. Peripheral… Read More »

A clinical instructor asks a nursing student about an aldosterone antagonist. The student is correct by saying that aldosterone antagonists:         A. Create an osmotic gradient.      B. Inhibit the exchange of sodium for potassium.      C. Cause metabolic acidosis.      D. Work poorly in the presence of endogenous aldosterone.           Correct… Read More »