The action of an ACE inhibitor interrupts the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism, thereby producing which of the following? A. Reduced renal blood flow. B. Reduced sodium and water excretion. C. Increased peripheral vascular resistance. D. Increased sodium excretion and potassium reabsorption. Correct Answer: D. Increased sodium excretion and potassium… Read More »
Raymund is reviewing cardiovascular drugs for his upcoming exam. For a well-prepared student, he should know that vasodilators are agents that: A. Relax smooth muscles. B. Are used to treat hypotension. C. Stimulate the adrenergic receptors of peripheral sympathetic nerves. D. Cause respiratory depression. Correct Answer: A.… Read More »
As a competent nurse, you are aware that vasodilators are used mainly to treat: A. Diabetes B. Hypertension C. Atrial fibrillation D. Hypotension Correct Answer: B. Hypertension Vasodilators are used to treat hypertension. Vasodilators are useful in treating a variety of medical conditions, most commonly systemic hypertension.… Read More »
The drug/drugs used most commonly to treat peripheral or cerebral vascular obstructive disease is/are: A. pentoxifylline (Trental) B. cyclandelate (Cyclan) C. isoxsuprine (Vasodilan) D. All of the above Correct Answer: D. All of the above All are vasodilators used primarily to treat peripheral or cerebral vascular obstructive disease. There… Read More »
In a 50-year-old widower who had a transient ischemic attack, what is the most common vasodilator used for his treatment? A. norepinephrine B. dopamine (Intropin) C. papaverine (Pavabid) D. nitroprusside (Nitropress) Correct Answer: D. nitroprusside (Nitropress) Nitroprusside (Nitropress) is used in this situation. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a potent… Read More »
For a client taking drugs to treat peripheral vascular disease, it is important to provide health education about: A. Smoking cessation. B. Developing a proper balance between rest and activity. C. Proper foot care. D. All of the above. Correct Answer: D. All of the above. Peripheral… Read More »
A clinical instructor asks a nursing student about an aldosterone antagonist. The student is correct by saying that aldosterone antagonists: A. Create an osmotic gradient. B. Inhibit the exchange of sodium for potassium. C. Cause metabolic acidosis. D. Work poorly in the presence of endogenous aldosterone. Correct… Read More »
Which of the following is a potential side effect of IV furosemide (Lasix)? A. Drowsiness B. Diarrhea C. Cystitis D. Hearing loss Correct Answer: D. Hearing loss Patients receiving large doses of loop diuretics are at risk for developing ototoxicity. Ototoxicity can occur with any of the… Read More »
A 68-year-old client with a history of mild CHF and glaucoma is receiving IV mannitol (Osmitrol) to decrease intraocular pressure. The nurse would monitor the client for signs and symptoms of: A. Fluid volume excess. B. Fluid volume deficit. C. Hyperkalemia. D. Hypernatremia. Correct Answer: A. Fluid… Read More »
All potassium-sparing diuretics: A. Are required supplements during blood transfusion. B. Enhance aldosterone action. C. Cause hypokalemia. D. Are weak diuretics. Correct Answer: D. Are weak diuretics. Potassium-sparing diuretics are not potent diuretics when used alone. They are used as adjunctive therapy with other diuretics to minimize… Read More »