If medical treatments fail, which of the following invasive procedures is necessary for treating cardiomyopathy? A. Cardiac catheterization B. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) C. Heart transplantation D. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) Correct Answer: C. Heart transplantation The only definitive treatment for cardiomyopathy that can’t be controlled… Read More »
Which of the following is the most common symptom of myocardial infarction (MI)? A. Chest pain B. Dyspnea C. Edema D. Palpitations Correct Answer: A. Chest pain The most common symptom of an MI is chest pain, resulting from deprivation of oxygen to the heart. Myocardial ischemia can present… Read More »
Which of the following conditions is associated with a predictable level of pain that occurs as a result of physical or emotional stress? A. Anxiety B. Stable angina C. Unstable angina D. Variant angina Correct Answer: B. Stable angina The pain of stable angina is predictable in… Read More »
Which of the following types of angina is most closely related with an impending MI? A. Angina decubitus B. Chronic stable angina C. Nocturnal angina D. Unstable angina Correct Answer: D. Unstable angina Unstable angina progressively increases in frequency, intensity, and duration and is related to an increased risk… Read More »
Which of the following conditions is the predominant cause of angina? A. Increased preload B. Decreased afterload C. Coronary artery spasm D. Inadequate oxygen supply to the myocardium. Correct Answer: D. Inadequate oxygen supply to the myocardium. Inadequate oxygen supply to the myocardium is responsible for the… Read More »
Which of the following tests is used most often to diagnose angina? A. Chest x-ray B. Echocardiogram C. Cardiac catheterization D. 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) Correct Answer: D. 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) The 12-lead ECG will indicate ischemia, showing T-wave inversion. In addition, with variant angina, the ECG shows ST-segment elevation.… Read More »
Which of the following results is the primary treatment goal for angina? A. Reversal of ischemia. B. Reversal of infarction. C. Reduction of stress and anxiety. D. Reduction of associated risk factors. Correct Answer: A. Reversal of ischemia. Reversal of the ischemia is the primary goal, achieved… Read More »
Which of the following interventions should be the first priority when treating a client experiencing chest pain while walking? A. Sit the client down. B. Get the client back to bed. C. Obtain an ECG. D. Administer sublingual nitroglycerin. Correct Answer: A. Sit the client down. The initial priority… Read More »
Myocardial oxygen consumption increases as which of the following parameters increase? A. Preload, afterload, and cerebral blood flow. B. Preload, afterload, and renal blood flow. C. Preload, afterload, contractility, and heart rate. D. Preload, afterload, cerebral blood flow, and heart rate. Correct Answer: C. Preload, afterload, contractility,… Read More »
Which of the following positions would best aid breathing for a client with acute pulmonary edema? A. Lying flat in bed. B. Left side-lying. C. In high Fowler’s position. D. In semi-Fowler’s position. Correct Answer: C. In high Fowler’s position A high Fowler’s position promotes ventilation and facilitates breathing… Read More »