Which of the following blood gas abnormalities is initially most suggestive of pulmonary edema? A. Anoxia B. Hypercapnia C. Hyperoxygenation D. Hypocapnia Correct Answer: D. Hypocapnia In an attempt to compensate for increased work of breathing due to hyperventilation, carbon dioxide decreases, causing hypocapnia. If the condition persists, CO2… Read More »
Which of the following is a compensatory response to decreased cardiac output? A. Decreased BP. B. Alteration in LOC. C. Decreased BP and diuresis. D. Increased BP and fluid retention. Correct Answer: D. Increased BP and fluid retention The body compensates for a decrease in cardiac output… Read More »
Which of the following symptoms is the most likely origin of pain the client described as knifelike chest pain that increases in intensity with inspiration? A. Cardiac B. Gastrointestinal C. Musculoskeletal D. Pulmonary Correct Answer: D. Pulmonary Pulmonary pain is generally described by these symptoms. Lung and breathing problems… Read More »
Which of the following actions is the appropriate initial response to a client coughing up pink, frothy sputum? A. Call for help. B. Call the physician. C. Start an I.V. line. D. Suction the client. Correct Answer: A. Call for help Production of pink, frothy sputum is… Read More »
Which of the following terms describes the force against which the ventricle must expel blood? A. Afterload B. Cardiac output C. Overload D. Preload Correct Answer: A. Afterload Afterload refers to the resistance maintained by the aortic and pulmonic valves, the condition and tone of the aorta,… Read More »
Acute pulmonary edema caused by heart failure is usually a result of damage to which of the following areas of the heart? A. Left atrium B. Right atrium C. Left ventricle D. Right ventricle Correct Answer: C. Left ventricle The left ventricle is responsible for the majority… Read More »
An 18-year-old client who recently had an URI is admitted with suspected rheumatic fever. Which assessment findings confirm this diagnosis? A. Erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules, and fever B. Tachycardia, finger clubbing, and a load S3 C. Dyspnea, cough, and palpitations D. Dyspnea, fatigue, and syncope Correct Answer:… Read More »
A client admitted with angina complains of severe chest pain and suddenly becomes unresponsive. After establishing unresponsiveness, which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Activate the resuscitation team. B. Open the client’s airway. C. Check for breathing. D. Check for signs of circulation. Correct… Read More »
A 55-year-old client is admitted with an acute inferior-wall myocardial infarction. During the admission interview, he says he stopped taking his metoprolol (Lopressor) 5 days ago because he was feeling better. Which of the following nursing diagnoses takes priority for this client? A. Anxiety B. Ineffective tissue perfusion; cardiopulmonary C. Acute pain… Read More »
A client comes into the E.R. with acute shortness of breath and a cough that produces pink, frothy sputum. Admission assessment reveals crackles and wheezes, a BP of 85/46, a HR of 122 BPM, and a respiratory rate of 38 breaths/minute. The client’s medical history included DM, HTN, and heart failure. Which of the following… Read More »