Which of the following recurring conditions most commonly occurs in clients with cardiomyopathy?
A. Heart failure
B. DM
C. MI
D. Pericardial effusion
Correct Answer: A. Heart failure
Because the structure and function of the heart muscle is affected, heart failure most commonly occurs in clients with cardiomyopathy. Heart failure can occur when the heart muscle is weak (systolic failure) or when it is stiff and unable to relax normally (diastolic failure). Cardiomyopathy, which means “disease of the heart muscle,” is one of many causes of heart failure.
Option B: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients are at increased risk of cardiomyopathy and heart failure is a major cause of death for these patients. Cardiomyopathy in diabetes is associated with a cluster of features including decreased diastolic compliance, interstitial fibrosis, and myocyte hypertrophy.
Option C: Myocardial infarction results from prolonged myocardial ischemia due to reduced blood flow through one of the coronary arteries.
Option D: Pericardial effusion is most predominant in clients with pericarditis. Diabetes mellitus is unrelated to cardiomyopathy. Pericardial effusion puts pressure on the heart, affecting the heart’s function. If untreated, it can lead to heart failure or death.