Raphael is interested to learn more about transcultural nursing because he is assigned at the family suites where most patients come from different cultures and countries. Which of the following designs is appropriate for this study?
A. Grounded theory
B. Ethnography
C. Case study
D. Phenomenology
Correct Answer: B. Ethnography
Ethnography is focused on patterns of behavior of selected people within a culture. Ethnography is a study through direct observation of users in their natural environment rather than in a lab. The objective of this type of research is to gain insights into how users interact with things in their natural environment.
Option A: Grounded theory is a well-known methodology employed in many research studies. Grounded theory sets out to discover or construct theory from data, systematically obtained and analyzed using comparative analysis. While the grounded theory is inherently flexible, it is a complex methodology.
Option C: A case study is a research approach that is used to generate an in-depth, multi-faceted understanding of a complex issue in its real-life context. It is an established research design that is used extensively in a wide variety of disciplines, particularly in the social sciences.
Option D: Phenomenological research has overlapped with other essentially qualitative approaches including ethnography, hermeneutics, and symbolic interactionism. Pure phenomenological research seeks essentially to describe rather than explain, and to start from a perspective free from hypotheses or preconceptions (Husserl 1970).